The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C.), five territories and various possessions. Each of the 50 states has its own government and constitution, while the federal government has powers over issues of national concern, such as foreign policy and national security.

The state system in the USA is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, the legislative branch makes laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.

The executive branch of each state is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor is responsible for signing or vetoing bills passed by the state legislature, preparing the state budget, and appointing state officials. The governor also has the power to call a special session of the legislature and to issue executive orders.

The legislative branch of each state is made up of a state assembly or state senate, depending on the state. The state assembly is responsible for making laws, while the state senate is responsible for confirming appointments made by the governor and for conducting investigations. The size of each chamber varies by state, but they both have equal powers.

The judicial branch of each state is headed by the state supreme court, which is the highest court in the state. The state supreme court has the power to hear appeals from lower courts and to make decisions on important legal issues. The lower courts in each state include the trial courts, the appellate courts and the special courts, such as the family court or the juvenile court.

In addition to these three branches, each state also has an independent, elected state auditor and state attorney general. The state auditor is responsible for auditing state government finances, while the state attorney general is responsible for providing legal advice to the state government and for representing the state in court.

The functions of the state government are many and varied. The most important functions include: providing public safety, regulating commerce, managing natural resources, providing education, maintaining infrastructure and providing social services.

The state government is also responsible for overseeing the administration of elections, maintaining public records, and enforcing laws. The state police and the state prison system are also part of the state government.

Each state also has the power to levy taxes, set the budget and make laws. This is why each state is considered a "sovereign" entity, with its own government and constitution. However, the federal government can override state laws if they conflict with federal laws.

In conclusion, the state system in the USA is a complex and well-structured system, with each state having its own government and constitution, while still being part of the federal republic. The three branches of the state government work together to provide services and enforce laws for the citizens of the state. Each state has the power to make its own laws and to regulate commerce within its borders, but the federal government can intervene if necessary to ensure that the laws of the country are being upheld.